Regulamentul (CE) nr. 864/2007 — Roma II
EMITENT · Parlamentul European și ConsiliulPUBLICAT · 31 iulie 2007
Un accident cu legături în mai multe state ridică întrebări diferite: cine soluționează cererea, ce lege stabilește despăgubirea și ce instanță poate judeca.
EXPLICAȚIE EDITORIALĂ · INTERPRETARE
Pe înțeles
Un accident cu legături în mai multe state ridică întrebări diferite: cine soluționează cererea, ce lege stabilește despăgubirea și ce instanță poate judeca. Regulamentul (CE) nr. 864/2007 (Roma II) privește legea aplicabilă obligațiilor necontractuale; Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1215/2012 (Bruxelles I bis) conține, între altele, reguli de competență în materia asigurărilor; Directiva 2009/103/CE organizează anumite mecanisme de protecție și instrumente pentru cererea de despăgubire. Faptul că discuți cu un reprezentant din România nu rezolvă automat celelalte două întrebări. Explicația noastră nu înlocuiește textul oficial.
TEXTUL OFICIAL · SURSĂ PRIMARĂ
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VERSIUNI ȘI ACTUALIZĂRI
Formele actului la care trimit ghidurile, cu sursa fiecăreia.
| Forma | Stare | Sursa |
|---|---|---|
| Forma din 11 iulie 2007 | În vigoare | publications.europa.eu ↗ |
GHIDURI CARE FOLOSESC ACTUL
TEXTE CITATE
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Art. 1 alin. (1); PDF p. 4 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
This Regulation shall apply, in situations involving a conflict of laws, to non-contractual obligations in civil and commercial matters. It shall not apply, in particular, to revenue, customs or administrative matters or to the liability of the State for acts and omissions in the exercise of State authority (acta iure imperii).
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 1 alin. (4); PDF p. 4 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
For the purposes of this Regulation, ‘Member State’ shall mean any Member State other than Denmark.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 3; PDF p. 5 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 4 alin. (1); PDF p. 5 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to a non-contractual obligation arising out of a tort/delict shall be the law of the country in which the damage occurs irrespective of the country in which the event giving rise to the damage occurred and irrespective of the country or countries in which the indirect consequences of that event occur.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 4 alin. (2); PDF p. 5 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
However, where the person claimed to be liable and the person sustaining damage both have their habitual residence in the same country at the time when the damage occurs, the law of that country shall apply.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 4 alin. (3); PDF p. 5 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Where it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that the tort/delict is manifestly more closely connected with a country other than that indicated in paragraphs 1 or 2, the law of that other country shall apply. A manifestly closer connection with another country might be based in particular on a pre-existing relationship between the parties, such as a contract, that is closely connected with the tort/delict in question.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 15; PDF p. 7 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
The law applicable to non-contractual obligations under this Regulation shall govern in particular: (a) the basis and extent of liability, including the determination of persons who may be held liable for acts performed by them; (b) the grounds for exemption from liability, any limitation of liability and any division of liability; (c) the existence, the nature and the assessment of damage or the remedy claimed; (d) within the limits of powers conferred on the court by its procedural law, the measures which a court may take to prevent or terminate injury or damage or to ensure the provision of compensation; (e) the question whether a right to claim damages or a remedy may be transferred, including by inheritance; (f) persons entitled to compensation for damage sustained personally; (g) liability for the acts of another person; (h) the manner in which an obligation may be extinguished and rules of prescription and limitation, including rules relating to the commencement, interruption and suspension of a period of prescription or limitation.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 17; PDF p. 7 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
In assessing the conduct of the person claimed to be liable, account shall be taken, as a matter of fact and in so far as is appropriate, of the rules of safety and conduct which were in force at the place and time of the event giving rise to the liability.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 18; PDF p. 7 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
The person having suffered damage may bring his or her claim directly against the insurer of the person liable to provide compensation if the law applicable to the non-contractual obligation or the law applicable to the insurance contract so provides.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 28 alin. (1)–(2); PDF p. 8 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
This Regulation shall not prejudice the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are parties at the time when this Regulation is adopted and which lay down conflict-of-law rules relating to non-contractual obligations. 2. However, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 31; PDF p. 9 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
This Regulation shall apply to events giving rise to damage which occur after its entry into force.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Art. 32, prima teză; PDF p. 9 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
This Regulation shall apply from 11 January 2009, except for Article 29, which shall apply from 11 July 2008.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 1 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply, in situations involving a con- flict of laws, to non-contractual obligations in civil and commer- cial matters. It shall not apply, in particular, to revenue, customs or administrative matters or to the liability of the State for acts and omissions in the exercise of State authority (acta iure imperii). 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) non-contractual obligations arising out of family relation- ships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects including mainte- nance obligations; (b) non-contractual obligations arising out of matrimonial prop- erty regimes, property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage, and wills and succession; (c) non-contractual obligations arising under bills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes and other negotiable instru- ments to the extent that the obligations under such other negotiable instruments arise out of their negotiable character; (d) non-contractual obligations arising out of the law of com- panies and other bodies corporate or unincorporated regard- ing matters such as the creation, by registration or otherwise, legal capacity, internal organisation or winding-up of com- panies and other bodies corporate or unincorporated, the personal liability of officers and members as such for the obligations of the company or body and the personal liabil- ity of auditors to a company or to its members in the statu- tory audits of accounting documents; (e) non-contractual obligations arising out of the relations between the settlors, trustees and beneficiaries of a trust cre- ated voluntarily; (f) non-contractual obligations arising out of nuclear damage; (g) non-contractual obligations arising out of violations of pri- vacy and rights relating to personality, including defamation. 3. This Regulation shall not apply to evidence and procedure, without prejudice to Articles 21 and 22. 4. For the purposes of this Regulation, ‘Member State’ shall mean any Member State other than Denmark.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 14 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 14 Freedom of choice 1. The parties may agree to submit non-contractual obliga- tions to the law of their choice: (a) by an agreement entered into after the event giving rise to the damage occurred; or (b) where all the parties are pursuing a commercial activity, also by an agreement freely negotiated before the event giving rise to the damage occurred. The choice shall be expressed or demonstrated with reasonable certainty by the circumstances of the case and shall not preju- dice the rights of third parties. 2. Where all the elements relevant to the situation at the time when the event giving rise to the damage occurs are located in a country other than the country whose law has been chosen, the choice of the parties shall not prejudice the application of provi- sions of the law of that other country which cannot be dero- gated from by agreement. 3. Where all the elements relevant to the situation at the time when the event giving rise to the damage occurs are located in one or more of the Member States, the parties’ choice of the law applicable other than that of a Member State shall not prejudice the application of provisions of Community law, where appro- priate as implemented in the Member State of the forum, which cannot be derogated from by agreement.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 16 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 16 Overriding mandatory provisions Nothing in this Regulation shall restrict the application of the provisions of the law of the forum in a situation where they are mandatory irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the non-contractual obligation.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 21 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 21 Formal validity A unilateral act intended to have legal effect and relating to a non-contractual obligation shall be formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law governing the non- contractual obligation in question or the law of the country in which the act is performed.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 22 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 22 Burden of proof 1. The law governing a non-contractual obligation under this Regulation shall apply to the extent that, in matters of non- contractual obligations, it contains rules which raise presump- tions of law or determine the burden of proof. 2. Acts intended to have legal effect may be proved by any mode of proof recognised by the law of the forum or by any of the laws referred to in Article 21 under which that act is for- mally valid, provided that such mode of proof can be adminis- tered by the forum.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 26 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 26 Public policy of the forum The application of a provision of the law of any country speci- fied by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 28 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 28 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not prejudice the application of inter- national conventions to which one or more Member States are parties at the time when this Regulation is adopted and which lay down conflict-of-law rules relating to non-contractual obligations. 2. However, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern mat- ters governed by this Regulation.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Article 4 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
Article 4 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to a non-contractual obligation arising out of a tort/delict shall be the law of the country in which the damage occurs irrespective of the country in which the event giving rise to the damage occurred and irrespective of the country or coun- tries in which the indirect consequences of that event occur. 2. However, where the person claimed to be liable and the person sustaining damage both have their habitual residence in the same country at the time when the damage occurs, the law of that country shall apply. 3. Where it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that the tort/delict is manifestly more closely connected with a coun- try other than that indicated in paragraphs 1 or 2, the law of that other country shall apply. A manifestly closer connection with another country might be based in particular on a pre- existing relationship between the parties, such as a contract, that is closely connected with the tort/delict in question.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Considerentul 16 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
(16) Uniform rules should enhance the foreseeability of court decisions and ensure a reasonable balance between the interests of the person claimed to be liable and the per- son who has sustained damage. A connection with the country where the direct damage occurred (lex loci damni) strikes a fair balance between the interests of the person claimed to be liable and the person sustaining the dam- age, and also reflects the modern approach to civil liabil- ity and the development of systems of strict liability.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Considerentul 17 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
(17) The law applicable should be determined on the basis of where the damage occurs, regardless of the country or countries in which the indirect consequences could occur. Accordingly, in cases of personal injury or damage to property, the country in which the damage occurs should be the country where the injury was sustained or the prop- erty was damaged respectively.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Considerentul 18 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
(18) The general rule in this Regulation should be the lex loci damni provided for in Article 4(1). Article 4(2) should be seen as an exception to this general principle, creating a special connection where the parties have their habitual residence in the same country. Article 4(3) should be understood as an ‘escape clause’ from Article 4(1) and (2), where it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that the tort/delict is manifestly more closely connected with another country.
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗Considerentul 40 · forma din 11 iulie 2007 · limba originalului: en
(40) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of the Protocol on the position of Denmark, annexed to the Treaty on Euro- pean Union and to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Denmark does not take part in the adoption of this Regulation, and is not bound by it or subject to its application,
Textul în documentul-sursă ↗
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